TsT38. 2019.

Articles

♦ Ana Lucia Duarte Lanna
Railroads in Brazil: Territory and Cities)
Abstract:
This article aims to present some of the connections between railway expansion, territorial consolidation, and urban development in Brazil, highlighting the diversity and complexity of the paths taken between the late 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. To this end, in addition to the literature, we draw on a vast body of documentation that includes local histories, newspaper articles, annual reports from railway companies, French consular reports, and reports from commercial agents. The association between railroads, speed, mobility, and progress was a central element in the construction of representations of modernity. The research reveals that the preconditions and specific characteristics of each locality had a decisive influence on the meanings that the railroad brought to the organization of urban space. Whether creating cities—as in the Northwest—defining industrial cities—as in Jundiaí—or contributing to the formation of a metropolis—as in Campinas and São Paulo—the impacts are undeniable yet distinct.

♦ Magda de Avelar Pinheiro
Railroads, Cities, and Stations in Portugal, from the Late 19th Century to the 21st Century
Abstract:
This article examines the relationship between the construction of railway stations and the theories and practices of urban planning. It seeks to situate railway stations within the context of modern urban planning as taught in schools, under the influence of the Garden City movement or the urban planning ideas of architects who organized themselves through the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM). The New Towns of the post-World War II era sought to reconcile these two movements, and within them, stations played a central role. Railway stations took on new functions and adopted new architectural models, particularly in the Villes Nouvelles of Paris. To provide a comparative perspective, this study specifically examines the Portuguese case from the late 19th century to the early 21st century.

♦ Stefano Maggi
Railroads and Urban Development in Italy: The Towns Along the Route Between Siena and Follonica in Tuscany, 1859–1961
Abstract:
During the 19th century, the railroad brought about the most significant changes, partly due to the fact that Italy’s terrain is largely mountainous. Even in the old port cities, tracks extended from the docks to the outskirts of built-up areas, and large maritime stations were constructed to handle freight, thereby contributing to urban growth. In the countryside, railroad tracks running along river valleys drew residents from medieval hilltop towns, and new settlements sprang up around the stations—the so-called “paesi scalo” (railway towns).
The train station was something completely new compared to the old post stations, which were located in the heart of cities and integrated into the historic centers. Beginning in the 1840s, major Italian cities underwent urban change caused by the construction of terminal or transit stations. This article analyzes the location of stations in two Italian cities—one medieval and one port city—Siena and Follonica.

♦ Doralice Sátyro and Elizângela Justino
Railroads in Northeast Brazil: An Analysis of the Intra-urban and Regional Centrality of Campina Grande, Paraíba (Brazil)
Abstract:
Railroads are a key technical element that drove industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century. This transportation system was implemented in Brazil throughout the 19th century and, more effectively, at the beginning of the 20th century. The subject of analysis in this study is the railroad in the city of Campina Grande, located in northeastern Brazil. The primary function of the railroads introduced in the interior of Brazil was the transport of agricultural and livestock products. The main purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of this technical infrastructure for the consolidation of Campina Grande as a regional center, as well as for the development of its central area. This research, therefore, examines the subject from the perspective of two geographical scales: urban and regional, or intra-urban and inter-urban. The main primary documentary sources used were: reports, speeches, and messages from the presidents of the provinces and/or the state of Paraíba; reports from the Ministry of Industry, Railways, and Public Works; and statistics on federal railways and those inspected by the federal government.

♦ María Alejandra Saus
From the “Iron Walls” (1927) to the Beltway (2016). Railway and Urban Planning Criteria for the City of Santa Fe, Argentina
Abstract:
The cycles of use of railway infrastructure and urban planning paradigms define historical units that mark discontinuities throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Each of these periods crystallizes phases of material expansion of capital with specific urban effects resulting from public transportation policies. This article examines the case of the city of Santa Fe and studies five urban plans with two concurrent objectives: one synchronic and the other diachronic. The first describes the railway and urban planning criteria incorporated into each plan, while the second situates them within the evolution of the railway-city relationship. Using a documentary analysis methodology, the study is divided into two parts. The first presents the case and provides an overview of the histories of railways and urban planning in Argentina. The second examines the plans for Santa Fe, treating the railway as both a problem and an opportunity.

♦ Susana Serrano and Pedro A. Novo
Planning and Infrastructure: Bilbao, the Strangled City (1900–1975)
Abstract:
If we accept the premise that transportation infrastructure influences the development of cities and that the structural means that make this possible determine the very form of these cities, the objective of this article is to analyze the shortcomings generated by these infrastructures in relation to the urban fabric, while simultaneously examining the solutions proposed in the planning of the Greater Bilbao region during the first half of the 20th century—solutions that did not materialize until the 1980s and 1990s.

Reviews

♦ Nuria Rodríguez Martín
Vicente Pinilla, Luis Germán, and Agustín Sancho, Public Transportation in Zaragoza: From 1885 to the Present
♦ Jesús Mirás Araujo
Luis López Molina (editor), Teresa Pontón and María Vázquez (coordinators), Cádiz: From the “Flourishing” 18th Century to the “Port of the Future” of the 21st Century